• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    portable electronic system that includes charging device and a secondary battery charging method. the present invention relates, in one aspect, to a portable electrical system comprising primary and secondary devices, the primary device having a first lithium cobalt oxide battery and the secondary device having a second iron phosphate battery lithium or lithium titanate, where the primary and secondary devices are configured to allow the second battery to be recharged from the first battery at a rate between 2c and 16c.
    公开号:BR112015003580B1
    申请号:R112015003580-9
    申请日:2013-08-23
    公开日:2021-06-01
    发明作者:Raphael Holzherr；Felix Fernando
    申请人:Philip Morris Products S.A.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED ORDERS
    [001] The present invention relates to a portable electronic system that includes a charger and a secondary device, and methods for charging and operating the secondary device. The invention can be applied to portable electronic smoke systems.
    [002] Prior art electrically operated smoke systems typically include a housing to receive an article of smoke, heating elements to generate an aerosol, a power supply, and electronic circuitry to control the operation of the system.
    [003] Portable electronic smoking devices need to be small and convenient for the user if they are to be widely adopted by conventional cigarette smokers. This induces various technical requirements for the power supply of a portable electronic smoke device. The power supply, typically a battery, needs to be small enough to fit inside a smoking device similar in size to a conventional cigarette and needs to deliver enough power to generate an aerosol from a smoking article. The idea of using a rechargeable battery was suggested in the prior art, but in any commercially viable system, the rechargeable battery needs to be able to deliver enough power for at least one smoking session, it needs to be able to be recharged quickly, safe and convenient to a level at which it can be reused for another smoking session, and it needs to be operable for thousands of charge cycles.
    [004] It is an object of the present invention to provide a charging system and method that meets these requirements for a rechargeable power supply.
    [005] In one aspect of the invention there is provided a portable electrical system comprising primary and secondary devices, the primary device having a first lithium cobalt oxide battery and the secondary device having a second lithium iron phosphate battery or lithium titanate, in which the primary and secondary devices are configured to recharge, or to allow the second battery to be recharged from the first battery at a rate between 2C and 16C.
    [006] The secondary device may be an electrically heated smoking device. The electrically heated smoking device may comprise an electrical heater powered by the second battery. The electric heater can be configured to heat an aerosol-forming substrate. The primary device can be a portable charging unit, and can be made in a shape and size similar to a conventional cigarette pack. The slave device can be received into the slave device during a recharge cycle.
    [007] The use of a lithium iron phosphate (or lithium titanate) battery for the secondary device safely allows for rapid charge and discharge rates. In the case of an electrically heated smoke device, rapid discharge is required due to the fact that high power is required to be delivered to the heater over a time period of only a few minutes. Fast charging is required due to the fact that smokers often want to smoke another cigarette very quickly after the first cigarette.
    [008] To provide charging of the second battery from a single first battery, the first battery needs to have a higher voltage than the second battery. The first battery also needs to have a greater charge capacity than the second battery if it is to provide multiple recharge cycles before needing to recharge or be replaced. Lithium cobalt oxide battery chemistry provides higher battery voltage and higher charge capacity for a given size than a lithium iron phosphate (or lithium titanate) battery. The combination of a primary device having a first lithium cobalt oxide battery and a secondary device having a second lithium iron phosphate or lithium titanate battery is therefore advantageous for a portable electric smoke system, or any similar portable system in which a secondary device requires a short high-power shot from a battery.
    [009] The capacity of the first battery can advantageously be at least five times greater than the capacity of the second battery. The capacity of the first battery can advantageously be between five and forty times the capacity of the second battery. The primary device can be configured to allow the first battery to be recharged from an electrical distribution supply at a rate between 0 and 1.5C.
    [0010] The second battery, advantageously, is capable of going through at least 6,000 charge/discharge cycles in more than 900J per cycle, and may be capable of going through at least 7,000 charge/discharge cycles in more than 900J per cycle or at least 8000 charge/discharge cycles at more than 900J per cycle. The average charge rate can be up to 12C. The second battery advantageously has the capacity to go through at least 6,000 charge/discharge cycles and preferably at least 8,000 charge/discharge cycles without falling below a threshold battery capacity, for example 80% of the capacity of battery rated. The second battery's discharge rate can be around 13C, but it can be as high as 28C.
    [0011] The primary device may comprise: a pair of output terminals for connection to the secondary battery; a DC power supply; a voltage regulator connected between the DC power supply and output terminals to control a charging voltage; and a microprocessor coupled to the voltage regulator and output terminals, wherein the charging device and secondary battery are configured to be coupled together to form a charging circuit, and wherein the microprocessor is configured to:
    [0012] control the voltage regulator to supply a first charging voltage;
    [0013] determine an internal resistance of the charging circuit by measuring the current in the charging circuit at the first charging voltage and at a second charging voltage, wherein the second charging voltage is less than the first charging voltage; and
    [0014] limit the first charging voltage supplied by the voltage regulator to a level that compensates for the determined internal resistance.
    [0015] The primary device may comprise: a pair of output terminals for connection to a secondary battery; a DC power supply; a voltage regulator connected between the DC power supply and output terminals to control a charging voltage; and a microprocessor coupled to the voltage regulator and output terminals, wherein the charging device and secondary battery are configured to be coupled together to form a charging circuit, and wherein the microprocessor is configured to:
    [0016] control the voltage regulator to supply a first charging voltage;
    [0017] determine an internal resistance of the charging circuit;
    [0018] calculate a maximum charging voltage based on the determined internal resistance and a secondary battery characteristic;
    [0019] adjust the first charging voltage to maintain a predetermined charging current until the first charging voltage reaches the maximum charging voltage, then adjust the first charging voltage to a level at or below the maximum charging voltage and , then periodically or continuously recalculate the maximum charging voltage and adjust the charging voltage to keep it at a level at or below the recalculated maximum charging voltage.
    [0020] In a second aspect of the description, a method of charging a second battery in a secondary device from a first battery in a primary device is provided, the primary and secondary devices forming a portable electrical system. primary device has a first lithium cobalt oxide battery and the secondary device has a second lithium iron phosphate or lithium titanate battery, comprising: charging the second battery from the first battery at a rate between 2C and 16C.
    [0021] In a third aspect of the description, an electrically heated smoke system is provided comprising:
    [0022] a lithium iron phosphate or lithium titanate battery;
    [0023] a heater element, wherein operation of the heater element discharges the battery; and
    [0024] a discharge detection circuit connected to the battery, in which the system is configured to disable the operation of the heating element when the discharge detection circuit determines that the battery voltage is less than a threshold voltage level.
    [0025] The threshold voltage level can be set at a voltage above a voltage below which the battery capacity is irretrievably reduced. For example, the battery can have a maximum battery voltage and the threshold voltage level can be between 15% and 25% of the maximum battery voltage. Below that level of charge battery capacity can be irretrievably lost. However, enhancements or changes in battery chemistry may allow the threshold level to be reduced below 15%, for example, at 5% maximum battery voltage.
    [0026] Ensuring that the battery does not completely discharge substantially reduces irreversible reactions in the battery and thus preserves the operating life of the battery.
    [0027] Advantageously, following the deactivation of the heating element when the discharge detection circuit determines that the battery voltage is less than a threshold voltage level, the system is configured to maintain deactivation of the heating element until the battery has been charged to a threshold charge level enough to complete a single smoking experience. The threshold charge level can be approximately 90% of the maximum battery capacity.
    [0028] In a fourth aspect of the description, a method of operating an electrically heated smoke system is provided which comprises:
    [0029] a lithium iron phosphate or lithium titanate battery;
    [0030] a heater element, wherein operation of the heater element discharges the battery; and
    [0031] a discharge detection circuit connected to the battery, comprising:
    [0032] disable operation of the heater element when the discharge detection circuit determines that the battery voltage is less than a threshold voltage level.
    [0033] The method may further comprise the step of holding the heating element deactivation until the battery has been charged to a threshold charge level sufficient to complete a single smoking experiment.
    [0034] A fifth aspect of the description provides a charging device for charging a secondary battery, the charging device comprising:
    [0035] a pair of output terminals for connecting to the secondary battery, a DC power supply, a voltage regulator connected between the DC power supply and the output terminals for controlling a charging voltage, and a coupled microprocessor the voltage regulator and output terminals, where the charging device and secondary battery are configured to be coupled together to form a charging circuit, and where the microprocessor is configured to:
    [0036] control the voltage regulator to supply a first charging voltage;
    [0037] determine an internal resistance of the charging circuit by measuring the current in the charging circuit at the first charging voltage and at a second charging voltage, wherein the second charging voltage is less than the first charging voltage; and
    [0038] limit the first charging voltage supplied by the voltage regulator to a level that compensates for the determined internal resistance.
    [0039] With an ideal charging system, the charging profile is divided into two parts: a constant current phase and a constant voltage phase. In the constant current phase, the voltage across the secondary battery is adjusted to maintain a constant maximum charging current Ich until the voltage across the battery reaches a defined voltage threshold Vch, with Ich and Vch established by the battery properties. In the constant voltage phase, the voltage across the battery is held at a fixed value Vch until the current drops below a predetermined value Ilow. For fast recharging it is desirable to maximize the duration of the constant current phase.
    [0040] In practice, the charging system is never ideal. The charging circuit formed by the charging device and the secondary battery has an internal resistance both as a result of the components of the charging circuit and the contact resistance between the charging device and the secondary battery. A proportion of the charging voltage supplied by the charging device will fall across the internal resistance of the charging circuit so that the voltage across the secondary battery is less than the charging voltage supplied by the charging device. The charging device of the first aspect of the description can provide a charging voltage greater than Vch. By determining the internal resistance of the charging circuit, the amount by which the charging voltage can exceed Vch so that the voltage across the battery is equal to or slightly less than Vch can be calculated. In this way, the charging device supplies a charging voltage that compensates for the voltage drop across the internal resistance of the charging circuit. This increases the duration of the constant current charging current due to the fact that setting the voltage cutoff Vch on the battery rather than the voltage regulator means that the voltage cutoff is achieved later.
    [0041] The internal resistance of the charging circuit changes over time. The battery's internal resistance increases with battery life. The contact resistance between the charging device and the secondary battery may also change over time and will vary from charger to charger and battery to battery. The charging device of the first aspect of the description is configured to determine the internal resistance of the charging circuit during each charging cycle to ensure that the length of the constant current portion of the charging cycle is maximized.
    [0042] During a constant voltage phase, the microprocessor can be configured to limit the charging voltage supplied by the voltage regulator so that a voltage received by the secondary battery is equal to a predetermined maximum voltage, Vch.
    [0043] The second charging voltage is preferably non-zero and may have a predetermined voltage difference from the first charging voltage. Alternatively, the second charging voltage can be a predetermined non-zero voltage. With the second non-zero charging voltage, there is never any interruption in the charging process, which would extend the charging time.
    [0044] The microprocessor can be configured to adjust the first charging voltage to maintain a constant charging current in the charging circuit until the charging voltage exceeds a maximum charging voltage, the maximum charging voltage calculated based on the battery characteristics secondary and the determined internal resistance of the charging circuit.
    [0045] The microprocessor can be configured to calculate the maximum voltage and adjust the first charging voltage to keep it at a level at or below the maximum charging voltage several times during a single charging cycle. Rather than simply supplying a constant charging voltage during a constant voltage phase, it is advantageous to provide an adjusted charging voltage that compensates for the voltage that has dropped across the internal resistance of the charging circuit. As the secondary battery approaches a fully charged level, the charging current for a given charging voltage drops. As a result, the voltage that has dropped across the internal resistance of the charging circuit drops. This, in turn, means that the charging voltage that is required to be supplied by the voltage regulator to ensure that the voltage across the battery equals Vch drops. Therefore, it is advantageous to recalculate the maximum charging voltage several times during a charging cycle, particularly as charging current drops. Consequently, the microprocessor can be configured to continuously or periodically recalculate the maximum voltage and adjust the first charging voltage to keep it at a level at the maximum charging voltage or below it after the first charging voltage first reaches the maximum voltage. during a single charge cycle.
    [0046] The microprocessor can be configured to determine the internal resistance and calculate the maximum charging voltage only after the first charging voltage has reached a predetermined voltage level. For example, the predetermined voltage level might be Vch, the maximum battery voltage.
    [0047] According to a sixth aspect of the description, a method of charging a secondary battery is provided which comprises:
    [0048] connect the secondary battery to a charging device that has a voltage source to form a charging circuit;
    [0049] controlling a first voltage supplied by the voltage source to provide a predetermined charging current to the secondary battery;
    [0050] determine an internal resistance of the charging circuit by measuring the current in the charging circuit at the first charging voltage and at a second charging voltage, wherein the second charging voltage is less than the first charging voltage;
    [0051] calculate a maximum charging voltage based on the determined internal resistance and a characteristic of the secondary battery; and
    [0052] adjust the first charging voltage to maintain a predetermined charging current until the first charging voltage reaches the maximum voltage level, and then adjust the first charging voltage to maintain it at a level at the maximum voltage of loading or below.
    [0053] As in the fifth aspect, the second charging voltage is preferably non-zero and may have a predetermined voltage difference from the first charging voltage.
    [0054] The steps of calculating the maximum voltage and adjusting the first charging voltage to keep it at a level at or below the maximum charging voltage can be performed multiple times during a single charging cycle.
    [0055] The steps of calculating the maximum voltage and adjusting the first charging voltage to keep it at a level at or below the maximum charging voltage can be performed continuously after the first charging voltage first reaches the maximum voltage during a single charge cycle.
    [0056] The step of determining the internal resistance can be performed periodically during a charging cycle.
    [0057] The steps of determining the internal resistance and calculating the maximum charging voltage can be performed only after the first charging voltage has reached a predetermined voltage level. For example, the predetermined voltage level might be Vch, the maximum battery voltage.
    [0058] In a seventh aspect of the description, a charging device is provided which comprises:
    [0059] a pair of output terminals for connecting to a secondary battery;
    [0060] a DC power supply;
    [0061] a voltage regulator connected between the DC power supply and the output terminals to control a charging voltage; and
    [0062] a microprocessor coupled to the voltage regulator and the output terminals, in which the charging device and the secondary battery are configured to be coupled together and to form a charging circuit, and in which the microprocessor is configured to:
    [0063] control the voltage regulator to supply a first charging voltage;
    [0064] determine an internal resistance of the charging circuit;
    [0065] calculate a maximum charging voltage based on the determined internal resistance and a secondary battery characteristic;
    [0066] adjust the first charging voltage to maintain a predetermined charging current until the first charging voltage reaches the maximum charging voltage, then adjust the first charging voltage to a level at or below the maximum charging voltage and , then periodically or continuously recalculate the maximum charging voltage and adjust the charging voltage to keep it at a level at or below the recalculated maximum charging voltage.
    [0067] Rather than simply supplying a constant charging voltage during a constant voltage phase, it is advantageous to provide an adjusted charging voltage that compensates for the voltage that has dropped across the internal resistance of the charging circuit. As the secondary battery approaches a fully charged level, the charging current drops to a given charging voltage. As a result, the voltage that has dropped across the internal resistance of the charging circuit drops. This, in turn, means that the charging voltage that is required to be supplied by the voltage regulator to ensure that the voltage across the battery equals Vch drops. Therefore, it is advantageous to recalculate the maximum charging voltage a plurality of times during a charging cycle, particularly as the charging current drops. Consequently, the microprocessor is configured to continuously or periodically recalculate the maximum voltage and adjust the first charging voltage to keep it at a level at the maximum charging voltage or below it after the first charging voltage first reaches the maximum charging voltage of loading. The step of determining internal resistance may comprise measuring internal resistance or estimating internal resistance.
    [0068] In an eighth aspect of the description, a method of charging a secondary battery is provided which comprises:
    [0069] connect the secondary battery to a charging device that has a voltage source to form a charging circuit;
    [0070] controlling a first voltage supplied by the voltage source to provide a predetermined charging current to the secondary battery;
    [0071] determine an internal resistance of the charging circuit;
    [0072] calculate a maximum charging voltage based on the determined internal resistance and a secondary battery characteristic;
    [0073] adjust the first charging voltage to maintain a predetermined charging current until the first charging voltage reaches the maximum charging voltage, then adjust the first charging voltage to a level at or below the maximum charging voltage; and then periodically or continuously recalculating the maximum charging voltage and adjusting the charging voltage to keep it at a level at or below the maximum recalculated charging voltage.
    [0074] The charging device and method according to the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth aspects of the description can be applied in electronic smoke systems. The charging device can be used to charge a secondary battery in an electronic smoke device. The electronic smoke device may include an electrically powered heater configured to heat an aerosol-forming substrate. The aerosol forming substrate can be provided in the form of a cigarette that has a mouthpiece portion into which an end user inhales. The secondary battery can advantageously provide enough power for a single smoking session by discharging a single aerosol forming substrate.
    [0075] A short recharging time is crucial for the acceptance of electronic cigarettes. The charging device and charging method of the present description maximizes the duration of a constant current phase of the charging process and also maximizes the voltage across the secondary battery when the constant current phase has ended.
    [0076] In an eighth aspect, a qualification method is provided that tests a lithium iron phosphate or lithium titanate battery, which comprises:
    [0077] charge the battery at a rate of at least 2C;
    [0078] discharge the battery;
    [0079] repeat steps a) and b) at least 6,000 times;
    [0080] subsequent to step c), determine that the battery meets a qualification standard if the battery capacity is greater than a threshold capacity.
    [0081] The boundary capacity can be a percentage of the rated battery capacity, for example 80% of the rated battery capacity.
    [0082] The step of charging the battery may comprise charging at an average rate of 12C. The unload step can be performed at a rate of around 13C and can be performed using millisecond pulses. Step c) may comprise repeating steps a) and b) at least 7,000 times or at least 8,000 times.
    [0083] In a ninth aspect, a qualification method is provided that tests a batch of lithium iron phosphate or lithium titanate batteries which comprises selecting a sample from a plurality of batteries from the battery batch and performing the eighth aspect method in each of the plurality of batteries. The plurality of batteries can be randomly selected from the batch. If all of the plurality of batteries meet the qualification standard, then it can be determined that the battery lot meets the qualification standard.
    [0084] In a tenth aspect, a battery or debating lot determined to meet a qualification standard according to the eighth aspect is provided.
    [0085] It should be clear that features described in relation to one aspect of the description may be applied to other aspects of the description, alone or in combination with other features described and features of the description.
    [0086] Examples in accordance with the various aspects of the description will now be described in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    [0087] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an electronic smoke system comprising primary and secondary units;
    [0088] Figure 2a shows a standard charging profile for a rechargeable battery according to the prior art;
    [0089] Figure 2b is a flowchart illustrating a control process for the loading profile of Figure 2a;
    [0090] Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a charging circuit formed by the coupled primary and secondary devices of Figure 1;
    [0091] Figure 4 shows a loading profile according to an embodiment of the invention;
    [0092] Figure 5a is a flowchart illustrating a control process for the loading profile of Figure 4;
    [0093] Figure 5b is a flowchart illustrating an alternative control process for the loading profile of Figure 4;
    [0094] Figure 5c is a flowchart illustrating an additional alternative control process for the loading profile of Figure 4;
    [0095] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating a process to calculate an internal resistance of the charging circuit; and
    [0096] Figure 7 is the flowchart illustrating a control process to prevent secondary battery overdischarge in a system of the type shown in Figure 1.
    [0097] Figure 1 shows a primary device 100 and a secondary device 102. The primary device 100, in this example, is a charging unit for an electrically heated smoke system. The secondary device 102, in this example, is an electrically heated aerosol generating device adapted to receive an article of smoke 104 comprising an aerosol forming substrate. The secondary device includes a heater to heat the aerosol forming substrate in operation. The user inhales into a mouthpiece portion of the smoking article 104 to suck aerosol into the user's mouth. The secondary device 102 is configured to be received within a cavity 112 in the primary device 100 in order to recharge the power supply in the secondary device.
    [0098] The primary device 100 comprises first battery 106, control electronics 108, and electrical contacts 110 configured to supply electrical power to a second battery in the secondary device, from the first battery 106, when the secondary device is in connection with the contacts electrical 110. Electrical contacts 110 are provided adjacent the bottom of a cavity 112. The cavity is configured to receive the secondary device 102. The components of the primary device 100 are housed within the housing 116.
    [0099] The slave device 102 comprises a second battery 126, secondary control electronics 128 and electrical contacts 130. As described above, the second rechargeable battery 126 of the slave device 102 is configured to receive a power supply from the first battery 106 when the electrical contacts 130 are in contact with the electrical contacts 110 of the primary device 100. The secondary device 102 further comprises a cavity 132 configured to receive the article of smoke 104. A heater 134, in the form of, for example, a blade heater, is provided at the bottom of cavity 132. In use, the user activates slave device 102 and power is supplied from battery 126 via control electronics 128 to heater 134. standard operating temperature that is sufficient to generate an aerosol from the aerosol forming substrate of the aerosol generating article 104. Components of slave device 102 are housed within housing 136. Such a slave device is more fully described in EP2110033, for example.
    [00100] The aerosol forming substrate preferably comprises a tobacco-containing material that contains volatile tobacco flavor compounds that are released from the substrate upon heating. Alternatively, the aerosol forming substrate may comprise a material other than tobacco. Preferably, the aerosol forming substrate further comprises an aerosol former. Examples of suitable aerosol formers are glycerin and propylene glycol.
    [00101] The aerosol forming substrate can be a solid substrate. The solid substrate may comprise, for example, one or more of: powder, grains, pellets, patches, spaghetti, strips or sheets that contain one or more of: grass leaf, tobacco leaf, tobacco rib fragments, reconstituted tobacco , homogenized tobacco, extruded tobacco and expanded tobacco. Alternatively, the aerosol forming substrate can be a liquid substrate and the smoking article can comprise means for retaining the liquid substrate. The aerosol forming substrate may alternatively be any other type of substrate, for example a gas substrate, or any combination of the various types of substrate.
    [00102] In this example, the secondary device 102 is an electrically heated smoke device. As such, the secondary device 102 is small (conventional cigarette size) but needs to deliver high power in a period of just a few minutes, typically about 7 minutes for a single smoking session. The second battery may then need to be returned to primary device 100 for recharging. Recharging is desirably completed, at least to a level sufficient to allow another full smoking experience, in a matter of a few minutes and preferably less than 6 minutes.
    [00103] The first battery 106 in the primary device is configured to retain sufficient charge to recharge the second battery 126 several times before needing to recharge. This provides the user with a portable system that allows multiple smoking sessions before recharging an electrical distribution outlet is required.
    [00104] It is also desirable that the second battery does not need to be frequently distributed. Preferably the second battery has a useful life of at least one year, equating to about 8,000 charge/discharge cycles for a typical user.
    [00105] In order to meet the competition requirements for the second battery 126 of small size, sufficient capacity and safety, but fast charge and discharge as well as acceptable lifetime, a lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) chemistry from battery can be used, as in this example. The second battery 126, in this example, is cylindrical in shape, with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 37 mm. This battery is capable of going through 8,000 charge/discharge cycles at more than 900J per cycle. The average charge rate can be up to 12C. A 1C charge rate means the battery is fully charged from zero charge to full charge in one hour and a 2C charge rate means the battery is fully charged from zero charge to full charge in half an hour. The battery capacity is around 125mAh. The maximum charging current can range from 980mA to 1.5A. Unloading is performed using 1 millisecond pulse of up to 2A. Discharge rate depends on heater resistance, which is, in turn, dependent on heater temperature. At room temperature, the discharge rate can be as high as 28C, but is reduced at higher temperatures as heater resistance increases. At typical operating temperature the discharge rate is around 13C. Alternatively, a lithium titanate battery can be used for the second battery.
    [00106] A sample of second batteries may be tested for qualification to ensure they are capable of meeting a qualification standard in terms of number of charge-discharge cycles. Qualification testing may comprise: charging the battery at a rate of at least 2C; discharge the battery; repeat the charge/discharge cycle at least 6,000 times; and then determine that the battery meets a qualification standard if the battery capacity is greater than a threshold capacity, such as 80% of the original rated battery capacity.
    [00107] The first battery 106 in the primary unit 100 is a lithium cobalt (LiCoO2) battery of the prismatic type. The first battery has a capacity of around 1350mAh, up to ten times the capacity of the second battery. The second battery can be charged from the first battery at a rate between 2C and 16C. Discharging the first battery at a rate of 1C provides a charge rate above 10C to the second battery. Charging the first battery can be performed from an electrical distribution supply, at a rate between 0 and 1.5C, and typically at a rate of about 0.5C to maximize battery life.
    [00108] A lithium cobalt oxide battery provides a higher battery voltage than lithium iron phosphate, allowing charging of a lithium iron phosphate battery from a single lithium cobalt oxide battery.
    [00109] Figure 2a shows a standard charging profile for charging a rechargeable battery. Figure 2a shows the charging voltage of the charging device 210, the charging current 220 of the charging device, and the battery voltage 230 of the second battery being charged. The charging profile consists of an initial phase of constant current 300. During the constant current phase 300 the charging voltage 210 is controlled in order to provide maximum constant charging current Ich. This gives the maximum upload rate. However, the constant charging current phase 200 comes to an end when the charging voltage required to maintain the maximum charging current exceeds a maximum charging voltage Vch. Vch is set at a level that preserves second battery life. Once this stage is reached, indicated at point 203 in Figure 2a, a constant voltage phase 202 begins. During the constant voltage phase, the charging voltage 210 is maintained at maximum Vch. During the constant voltage phase, charging current drops as the difference between charging voltage 210 and battery voltage 230 decreases. The charging process is stopped when the charging current reaches a low Ifim threshold. The maximum charging current and maximum charging voltage are established by the battery manufacturer.
    [00110] Figure 2b illustrates the control steps in this process. In step 20 the charging current is set to Ich, the maximum charging current. During the constant current phase, the control logic compares the charging voltage with the maximum allowable charging voltage Vch. This is shown as step 22. If the charging voltage is below Vch the charging current is maintained. If the charging current equals or exceeds Vch, the constant current phase is terminated and the charging voltage set to Vch. This is shown as step 24. The control logic then monitors the charging current at step 26. Since the charging current is less than Ifim the charging process is considered complete and is completed at step 28.
    [00111] The charging profile illustrated in Figures 2a and 2b can be used in a system as described with reference to Figure 1. However, the charging time can be configured to be shorter by compensating for the internal resistance in the charging circuit . A shorter charge time is desirable, particularly for systems such as electronic smoke systems where the charge time only needs to be a few minutes.
    [00112] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating the charging circuit formed by the coupled primary and secondary devices. The circuit is divided into a primary device side and a secondary device side. The dotted line 30 represents the boundary between the primary device 100 and the secondary device 102. The primary device side comprises a controlled voltage source 320, which comprises the first battery and a voltage regulator and a microcontroller 340 configured to control the source. of voltage 340 based on current I and voltage V measurements. The secondary device side comprises the second battery 126. The internal resistance of the charging circuit comprises contributions from various sources. The resistances rp- and rp+ represent the electrical resistances of the array of electronics and solder fins in the primary device. The resistances rs- and rs+ represent the electrical resistances of the electronics array and the welding fins on the primary device. The resistances rc-(t) and rc+(t) represent the electrical resistances of the contacts between the primary and secondary devices. They will vary from device to device and may vary with time from charge cycle to charge cycle. In an electrical smoke system of the type described with reference to Figure 1, the primary and secondary units may be brought into or out of contact several times a day, and each time the contact resistances may be different. Contact resistances can also increase if contacts are not kept clean. Resistance ri(t) represents the internal resistance of the second battery, which increases the life of the second battery.
    [00113] If the parasitic resistances rp-, rp+, rs-, rs+, rc-(t) and rc+(t) are combined in a single resistor R(t), then the voltage across the second battery will be less than the charging voltage of the voltage source per Vdrop= I * R(t).
    [00114] This means that the charging voltage supplied by the voltage source can be increased above the maximum Vch by an amount I * R(t) and the voltage across the second battery will be equal to Vch. The constant current phase of the charging profile can be extended to the point that the charging voltage reaches Vch + I * R(t). The charging voltage supplied then can also be controlled to be greater than Vch, but not more than Vch + I * R(t).
    [00115] Figure 4 illustrates a charging profile according to an aspect of the invention, in which the supplied charging voltage exceeds Vch. The charging profile comprises a constant current phase 400 and a pseudo constant voltage phase 402. The charging voltage of the voltage source is shown as 410, the charging current is shown as 420, and the voltage of the second battery is shown as 430 .
    [00116] The constant current phase 400 extends until the charging voltage reaches a maximum of Vcomp=Vch + I * R(t). In the pseudo constant voltage phase 402, the charging voltage is controlled to equal Vcomp. The charging cycle is ended when the charging current equals Ifim.
    [00117] Figures 5a, 5b, and 5c illustrate alternative control strategies for implementing a charging profile as shown in Figure 4. Figure 5a shows the process starting at step 500. At step 510, the charging current is established at Ich the maximum charging current specified by the manufacturer. In step 520 the internal resistance of the charging circuit is measured.
    [00118] The process for measuring the internal resistance of the charging circuit is shown in Figure 6. In a first step 610, the charging current I1 and the charging voltage V1 are measured. The charging voltage is then reduced to a lower voltage V2 in step 620, where V2=V1-ΔV. ΔV is a predetermined fixed voltage difference of a few millivolts. The reduced voltage V2 and corresponding reduced current I2 are measured in step 630. The voltage is only reduced for a period of 100 to 400μs, long enough for the voltage and current to be measured once (or a few times to give an average ) by the microcontroller. The internal resistance Ri of the charging circuit is calculated in step 640 using the ratio Ri=(V1-V2)/(I1-I2). The process ends at step 650, and can be repeated as described below.
    [00119] In step 530, the charging voltage is compared to the maximum compensated charging voltage Vcomp. The internal resistance Ri comprises both the parasitic resistance R(t) and the internal resistance of the battery ri(t). Vcomp=Vch+R(t). The maximum internal resistance of the second battery Rimax is provided by the battery manufacturer and can be used to derive a value for R(t) from Ri. Alternatively, the voltage across the battery can be directly measured and passed to the microcontroller to allow the parasitic resistance to be determined. Using the value of R(t), Vcomp can be calculated.
    [00120] If the charging voltage is less than Vcomp, the constant current phase continues and step 530 is repeated based on the calculated value of Vcomp. If the charging voltage equals or exceeds Vcomp, then the constant current phase ends and the charging voltage is set to Vcomp in step 540. In step 550, the charging current is compared to Ifim. If the charging current is greater than or equal to Ifim, then the process returns to step 540. The charging voltage is cleared to a new value of Vcomp based on the newly measured charging current and then the process proceeds to step 550 This control cycle of step 540 and 550 can be repeated as often as desired. If at step 550 the charging current is less than Ifim, then the charging cycle is terminated at step 560 and this is indicated to the user. The Ifim value can be established based on the total battery capacity or it can be based on the amount of energy required for a standard use of the secondary device, for example, a single smoking session.
    [00121] Figure 5b illustrates an alternative loading process. In the process of Figure 5b, steps 500 and 510 are identical to those described with reference to Figure 5a. Step 515 is in addition to the process shown in Figure 5a. In step 515, the charging voltage is compared to Vch, the maximum charging voltage specified by the battery manufacturer. Only if the charging voltage equals or exceeds Vch does the process proceed to step 520, determining internal resistance. Steps 520 and 530 are as described with reference to Figure 5a, but in the process of Figure 5b, the internal resistance and Vcomp are only calculated after the charging voltage reaches Vch. In the pseudo-constant current phase of Figure 5b, the first step is a recalculation of the internal resistance, in step 535. The internal resistance of the charging circuit can be increased during the charging process, and the recalculation allows for a better calculation of Vcomp and a potentially shorter charge time. Steps 540, 550 and 560 are as described with reference to Figure 5a.
    [00122] Figure 5c illustrates an additional alternative charging process. In the process of Figure 5c, steps 500, 510 and 520 are as described with reference to Figure 5a. In step 525, the charging voltage is compared to the maximum compensated charging voltage Vcomp, in the same way as in step 530 in Figure 5a and 5b. However, in step 525, if the charging voltage is greater than or equal to Vcomp, the process returns to step 520.
    [00123] Steps 535 and 540 of Figure 5c are identical to steps 535 and 540 of Figure 5b. In step 545 the charging current is compared to Ifim. If the charging current is greater than or equal to Ifim, then the process returns to step 535 and the internal resistance is recalculated and Vcomp updated before step 540. If, in step 550, the charging current is less than Ifim then the charging cycle is terminated at step 560 and this is indicated to the user. As explained above, the Ifim value can be based on the full capacity of the battery, so that the battery is charged at a certain full charge ratio, ie 90% full charge. Alternatively, Ifim can be established based on the amount of stored energy required for a single use of the secondary device.
    [00124] Figures 5a, 5b and 5c are exemplifying control processes and it should be clear that other processes are possible according to the same general principle. For example, any of the constant current phases of Figures 5a, 5b and 5c can be used with any of the pseudo constant voltage phases of Figures 5a, 5b and 5c, which provide nine different possible control processes.
    [00125] In systems such as an electrical smoke system, any decrease in the time taken to recharge the secondary device can significantly increase user adoption. A key requirement is ease and convenience of use, and a noticeable recharge cycle that lasts only a few minutes every second is noticeable. The recharging processes described with reference to Figure 4 and Figures 5a, 5b and 5c provide rapid recharging within the operating limits specified by the battery manufacturer.
    [00126] A further aspect of this description is illustrated in Figure 7. With reference to the slave device shown in Figure 1, the slave device 102 can be configured to prevent operation if the second battery drops below 20% of its fully charged level. This protects the life of the second battery. Control electronics 128 are configured to monitor the battery voltage of the second battery in use. When the battery voltage drops to 20% of the fully charged voltage, the device is disabled until the second battery has been recharged to a threshold charge level. The threshold charge level can be chosen as being less than the maximum battery capacity ie 90% full capacity, again to protect battery life. The 20% level has been found to be a satisfactory borderline level for lithium iron phosphate batteries, but any level between 15% and 25% can be used and other levels can be chosen as they are suitable for different battery chemistries.
    [00127] Figure 7 illustrates the control process that control electronics 128 are configured to perform. The process starts at step 700. At step 720, the battery voltage of the secondary battery is compared to an initial minimum voltage Vmin to allow device operation. If the battery voltage is less than Vmin then the slave device will not allow further heater operation and will enter a low power mode to conserve battery capacity until the next charge cycle. The process then ends at step 730. In the case of a smoking device, this avoids the device heating operation if there is insufficient charge in the second battery to complete a single smoking experiment (corresponding to the smoking experience of a conventional cigarette , it is supposed). Once the second battery has been recharged, the process can start over at step 700.
    [00128] If the battery voltage is greater than or equal to Vmin then the device is allowed to operate fully. During operation, the battery voltage of the second battery is repeatedly compared to a second threshold, in this case Vmin/5, ie 20% of the minimum initial battery voltage. This is shown as step 740. If the battery voltage is greater than Vmin/5 then the device continues to be operable and step 740 is repeated. If the battery voltage is less than or equal to Vmin/5 then the device enters the low power mode in which the heater is deactivated in step 750. Once the heater is deactivated, the control process needs to start at only in step 700 then the heater cannot operate until the second battery is recharged to a level at which this battery voltage is greater than or equal to Vmin.
    [00129] The exemplary modalities described above illustrate, however, they are not limiting. In view of the exemplary modalities discussed above, other modalities consistent with the above exemplary modalities will now be apparent to someone with ordinary skill in the art.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    1. Portable electronic smoking system comprising primary (100) and secondary (102) rechargeable devices, the secondary device (102) being an electrically heated tobacco device, the secondary device comprising a heater (134 ) configured to heat an aerosol forming substrate wherein the primary device (100) comprises a housing (116), said secondary device being configured to be received within the housing of the primary device during a recharging cycle, characterized in that that the primary device has a first battery (106) and the secondary device has a second battery (126), wherein the capacity of the first battery (106) is between five and forty times the capacity of the second battery (126), and wherein the primary and secondary devices are configured to recharge the second battery (126) from the first battery (106), wherein the primary device comprises: a pair of output terminals (110) for connecting to the second battery; a DC power source (106); a voltage regulator connected between the DC power source (106) and the output terminals for controlling a voltage of loading; and a microprocessor (340) coupled to the voltage regulator and output terminals, wherein the primary device (100) and the second battery (126) are configured to be coupled together and to form a charging circuit, and wherein the microprocessor is configured to: control the voltage regulator to supply a first charging voltage; and only after the first charging voltage reaches a predetermined maximum charging voltage level of the second battery (126), determine an internal resistance of the charging circuit by measuring the current in the charging circuit at the first charging voltage and the second voltage. charging voltage, wherein the second charging voltage is less than the first charging voltage; and limiting the first charging voltage supplied to the voltage regulator to a first maximum charging voltage based on the determined internal resistance and the predetermined maximum charging voltage level of the second battery.
    [0002]
    2. Portable electronic smoke system according to claim 1, characterized in that the microprocessor (340) is configured to: calculate the first maximum charging voltage based on the determined internal resistance and the maximum voltage level of predetermined charging of the second battery; and adjust the first charging voltage to maintain a predetermined charging current until the first charging voltage reaches the maximum charging voltage level of the second battery, then adjust the first voltage to a level at or below the maximum charging voltage, and then periodically or continuously recalculating the first maximum charging voltage and adjusting the first charging voltage to keep it at a level at or below the first recalculated maximum charging voltage.
    [0003]
    3. Portable electronic smoke system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the microprocessor (340) is configured to determine the second charging voltage by reducing the voltage of the first charging voltage by a predetermined voltage difference.
    [0004]
    4. Portable electronic smoking system, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the microprocessor (340) is configured to periodically recalculate the internal resistance.
    [0005]
    5. Portable electronic smoke system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second battery (126) has a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 37 mm.
    [0006]
    6. Method of charging a second battery (126) in an electrically heated secondary tobacco device (102) of a first battery (106) and a primary device (100) comprising a housing (116) and comprising a heater (134 ) configured to heat an aerosol forming substrate, the primary and secondary devices forming a portable electronic smoke system, the primary device having a first battery (106) and the secondary device having a second battery (126), wherein the capacity of the first battery (106) is between five and forty times the capacity of the second battery (126), and wherein the primary and secondary devices are configured to recharge the second battery (126) from the first battery (106 ), characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: connecting the second battery to the primary device, the primary device having an adjustable voltage source (320) to form a car circuit. gearing; controlling a first voltage supplied by the voltage source to supply a predetermined charging current to the secondary battery; determining an internal resistance of the charging circuit by measuring the current in the charging circuit at the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage , wherein the second charging voltage is less than the first charging voltage; calculating a first maximum charging voltage based on the determined internal resistance and a predetermined maximum charging voltage level of the secondary battery; and adjust the first charging voltage to maintain a predetermined charging current until the first charging voltage reaches the predetermined maximum charging voltage level of the second battery, and then adjust the first charging voltage to maintain it at a first level at or below maximum charging voltage, wherein the steps of determining the internal resistance and calculating a first maximum charging voltage are performed only after the first charging voltage reaches the predetermined maximum charging voltage level of the second battery.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the second voltage has a predetermined voltage difference from the first charging voltage.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the steps of calculating the first maximum charging voltage and adjusting the first charging voltage to keep it at a level at or below the first maximum charging voltage the same are carried out a plurality of times during a single charging cycle.
    [0009]
    9. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the steps of calculating the first maximum charging voltage and adjusting the first charging voltage to keep it at a level at or below the first maximum charging voltage are performed continuously after the first charging voltage has first reached the first maximum charging voltage during a single charging cycle.
    [0010]
    10. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the step of determining the internal resistance is performed periodically.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises the step of returning the secondary device to the primary device to recharge the second battery after a single smoke section
    [0012]
    12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the single smoking section lasts 7 minutes
    [0013]
    13. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that it further comprises the step of recharging the second battery for less than 6 minutes.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112015003580B1|2021-06-01|PORTABLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM INCLUDING CHARGING DEVICE AND METHOD OF CHARGING A SECONDARY BATTERY
    TWI687021B|2020-03-01|Adaptive battery charging method, charging device, computer program and computer readable storage medium
    US10806180B2|2020-10-20|Electronic vapor provision system
    RU2732852C2|2020-09-23|Electrically controlled aerosol-generating system with a rechargeable power supply unit
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ZA201500951B|2017-08-30|
    PL2896104T3|2017-12-29|
    EP3285354B1|2021-08-04|
    AU2013304892B2|2016-09-22|
    MY169199A|2019-02-26|
    PT2896104T|2017-11-14|
    CA2882470A1|2014-02-27|
    CN107453430A|2017-12-08|
    NZ705714A|2018-01-26|
    ES2636592T3|2017-10-06|
    UA117564C2|2018-08-27|
    PH12015500272A1|2015-03-30|
    HK1208964A1|2016-03-18|
    EP2701268A1|2014-02-26|
    WO2014029880A2|2014-02-27|
    CN107453430B|2020-06-12|
    IL237108A|2018-10-31|
    US20150181942A1|2015-07-02|
    KR20150045448A|2015-04-28|
    US9655383B2|2017-05-23|
    PH12015500272B1|2015-03-30|
    CN104584366A|2015-04-29|
    RU2015110242A|2016-10-20|
    DK2896104T3|2017-08-28|
    RU2609131C2|2017-01-30|
    RS56372B1|2017-12-29|
    HK1246512A1|2018-09-07|
    CA2882470C|2020-03-10|
    PL3285354T3|2022-01-03|
    SI2896104T1|2017-10-30|
    JP5958846B2|2016-08-02|
    HUE055479T2|2021-11-29|
    EP2896104A2|2015-07-22|
    HUE033539T2|2017-12-28|
    SG11201501313QA|2015-05-28|
    KR101619032B1|2016-05-09|
    EP3285354A1|2018-02-21|
    LT2896104T|2017-09-11|
    AU2013304892A1|2015-03-26|
    EP2896104B1|2017-07-26|
    WO2014029880A3|2014-09-12|
    ES2886111T3|2021-12-16|
    IN2015DN01214A|2015-06-26|
    JP2015534458A|2015-12-03|
    MX2015002436A|2015-06-10|
    BR112015003580A2|2017-07-04|
    MX339689B|2016-06-06|
    CN104584366B|2017-09-15|
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-31| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-23| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-01| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 23/08/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP12181682.1|2012-08-24|
    EP20120181682|EP2701268A1|2012-08-24|2012-08-24|Portable electronic system including charging device and method of charging a secondary battery|
    PCT/EP2013/067563|WO2014029880A2|2012-08-24|2013-08-23|Portable electronic system including charging device and method of charging a secondary battery|
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